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Disease Profile

ACTG2-related disorders

Prevalence
Prevalence estimates on Rare Medical Network websites are calculated based on data available from numerous sources, including US and European government statistics, the NIH, Orphanet, and published epidemiologic studies. Rare disease population data is recognized to be highly variable, and based on a wide variety of source data and methodologies, so the prevalence data on this site should be assumed to be estimated and cannot be considered to be absolutely correct.

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Age of onset

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ICD-10

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Inheritance

Autosomal dominant A pathogenic variant in only one gene copy in each cell is sufficient to cause an autosomal dominant disease.

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Autosomal recessive Pathogenic variants in both copies of each gene of the chromosome are needed to cause an autosomal recessive disease and observe the mutant phenotype.

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X-linked
dominant X-linked dominant inheritance, sometimes referred to as X-linked dominance, is a mode of genetic inheritance by which a dominant gene is carried on the X chromosome.

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X-linked
recessive Pathogenic variants in both copies of a gene on the X chromosome cause an X-linked recessive disorder.

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Mitochondrial or multigenic Mitochondrial genetic disorders can be caused by changes (mutations) in either the mitochondrial DNA or nuclear DNA that lead to dysfunction of the mitochondria and inadequate production of energy.

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Multigenic or multifactor Inheritance involving many factors, of which at least one is genetic but none is of overwhelming importance, as in the causation of a disease by multiple genetic and environmental factors.

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Not applicable

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Summary

ACTG2-related disorders are a subset of visceral myopathy (a condition where the intestine is unable to push food through but where there is not a real intestinal obstruction) with variable involvement of the bladder and intestine. Bladder involvement can range from neonatal megacystis (a bladder with increased size) and megaureter (ureter abnormally wide) at the more severe end, to recurrent urinary tract infections and bladder dysfunction at the milder end. It includes three different conditions, megacystis-microcolon-intestinal hypoperistalsis syndrome (MMIHS), Prune belly sequence or syndrome and chronic intestinal pseudoobstruction (CIPO). It is caused by alterations (mutations) of the ACTG2 gene and is inherited in an autosomal dominant manner. Affected infants (with or without evidence of intestinal malrotation) often present with feeding intolerance and findings of non-mechanical bowel obstruction that persist after successful surgical correction of malrotation. Individuals who develop manifestations of CIPO in later childhood or adulthood oftenhave episodic waxing and waning of bowel motility. They may need frequent abdominal surgeries (perhaps related to intestinal malrotation or adhesions causing mechanical obstruction) resulting in resection of dilated segments of bowel, often becoming dependent on total parenteral nutrition.[1]

References

  1. Wangler MF. ACTG2-Related Disorders. GeneReviews. June 11, 2015; https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK299311/.