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Disease Profile

Congenital dyserythropoietic anemia type 3

Prevalence
Prevalence estimates on Rare Medical Network websites are calculated based on data available from numerous sources, including US and European government statistics, the NIH, Orphanet, and published epidemiologic studies. Rare disease population data is recognized to be highly variable, and based on a wide variety of source data and methodologies, so the prevalence data on this site should be assumed to be estimated and cannot be considered to be absolutely correct.

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US Estimated

Europe Estimated

Age of onset

All ages

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ICD-10

D64.4

Inheritance

Autosomal dominant A pathogenic variant in only one gene copy in each cell is sufficient to cause an autosomal dominant disease.

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Autosomal recessive Pathogenic variants in both copies of each gene of the chromosome are needed to cause an autosomal recessive disease and observe the mutant phenotype.

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X-linked
dominant X-linked dominant inheritance, sometimes referred to as X-linked dominance, is a mode of genetic inheritance by which a dominant gene is carried on the X chromosome.

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X-linked
recessive Pathogenic variants in both copies of a gene on the X chromosome cause an X-linked recessive disorder.

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Mitochondrial or multigenic Mitochondrial genetic disorders can be caused by changes (mutations) in either the mitochondrial DNA or nuclear DNA that lead to dysfunction of the mitochondria and inadequate production of energy.

Multigenic or multifactor Inheritance involving many factors, of which at least one is genetic but none is of overwhelming importance, as in the causation of a disease by multiple genetic and environmental factors.

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Not applicable

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Other names (AKA)

Dyserythropoietic anemia, congenital type 3; CDA III

Categories

Blood Diseases; Congenital and Genetic Diseases

Summary

The following summary is from Orphanet, a European reference portal for information on rare diseases and orphan drugs.
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Orpha Number: 98870

Definition
Congenital dyserythropoietic anemia type III (CDA III) is a rare form of CDA (see this term) characterized by dyserythropoiesis, with big multinucleated erythroblasts in the bone marrow, and manifesting with mild to moderate anemia.

Epidemiology
The prevalence is unknown. Three families have been reported with autosomal dominant CDA III in Sweden, America and Argentina. Other sporadic CDA III-like cases have been described. In total, about 60 cases have been reported worldwide.

Clinical description
The clinical presentation is variable. CDA III can manifest with mild anemia and jaundice in neonates but it may not be discovered until childhood or adulthood. Intensity of symptoms increases during infections, following trauma, and during pregnancy. It can also be associated with monoclonal gammopathies, multiple myeloma (see this term) and retinal angioid streaks,which can lead to visual impairment. Sporadic cases of CDA III have been associated with severe erythroid hyperplasia, skeletal disorders, intellectual deficit, and hepatosplenomegaly.

Etiology
Recently, the KIF23 gene (15q23) has been identified as the causal mutation for AD CDA III. This gene encodes mitotic kinesin-like protein 1 (MKLP1) which is crucial for cytokinesis.

Diagnostic methods
Diagnosis is based on laboratory findings. The disorder is characterized by mild anemia, macrocytosis in the peripheral blood, and giant multinucleated erythroblasts (containing up to 12 nuclei) in the bone marrow. Increased levels of serum thymidine kinase, lactate dehydrogenase and bilirubin and very low or undetectable haptoglobin are also characteristic of this disease. Mutations in the KIF23 gene can also determine a diagnosis of CDA III.

Differential diagnosis
The diagnosis of CDA III should be considered following exclusion of other causes of macrocytosis (B12 deficiency, folic acid deficiency or other megaloblastic anemias such as pernicious anemia or thiamine-responsive megaloblastic anemia syndrome; see these terms), acquired dyserythropoiesis (myelodysplastic syndrome, acute erythroid leukemia), hemolytic anemias (hereditary spherocytosis) or microcytic anemias (thalassemias and iron deficiency anemias). Gilbert syndrome (see these terms) and infections should be also excluded.

Antenatal diagnosis
Prenatal diagnosis for at-risk pregnancies requires prior identification of the disease-causing mutations in the family.

Genetic counseling
Genetic counseling is possible in CDA III. It is inherited in an autosomal dominant mode. Other sporadic CDA III-like cases have been reported with an autosomal recessive pattern of inheritance, suggesting a different genetic alteration than KIF23 associated CDA III and possibly another subtype of CDA.

Management and treatment
In most cases anemia is mild and treatment is not necessary. Only during times of extreme anemia (often due to pregnancy or surgery), may a transfusion be needed. Ophthalmological follow-up is recommended in those with eye manifestations.

Prognosis
In most cases the prognosis is good and there is no decrease in life expectancy. Quality of life may be affected in those with visual impairment.

Visit the Orphanet disease page for more resources.

Symptoms

This table lists symptoms that people with this disease may have. For most diseases, symptoms will vary from person to person. People with the same disease may not have all the symptoms listed. This information comes from a database called the Human Phenotype Ontology (HPO) . The HPO collects information on symptoms that have been described in medical resources. The HPO is updated regularly. Use the HPO ID to access more in-depth information about a symptom.

Medical Terms Other Names
Learn More:
HPO ID
80%-99% of people have these symptoms
Anemia
Low number of red blood cells or hemoglobin
0001903
Anisocytosis
Unequal size of red blood cells
0011273
Poikilocytosis
0004447
30%-79% of people have these symptoms
Abnormal cellular phenotype
0025354
Abnormal proerythroblast morphology
0025035
Fatigue
Tired
Tiredness

[ more ]

0012378
Hyperbilirubinemia
High blood bilirubin levels
0002904
Increased mean corpuscular volume
0005518
Increased serum iron
0003452
Increased total iron binding capacity
0025196
5%-29% of people have these symptoms
Elevated hepatic transaminase
High liver enzymes
0002910
Gingival bleeding
Bleeding gums
0000225
Headache
Headaches
0002315
Melena
0002249
Oral cavity bleeding
Bleeding from mouth
0030140
Pallor
0000980
Post-partum hemorrhage
Bleeding post-delivery
0011891
1%-4% of people have these symptoms
Short stature
Decreased body height
Small stature

[ more ]

0004322
Percent of people who have these symptoms is not available through HPO
Autosomal dominant inheritance
0000006
Congenital hypoplastic anemia
0004810
Hemosiderinuria
0012543
Jaundice
Yellow skin
Yellowing of the skin

[ more ]

0000952
Macrocytic anemia
0001972

Organizations

Support and advocacy groups can help you connect with other patients and families, and they can provide valuable services. Many develop patient-centered information and are the driving force behind research for better treatments and possible cures. They can direct you to research, resources, and services. Many organizations also have experts who serve as medical advisors or provide lists of doctors/clinics. Visit the group’s website or contact them to learn about the services they offer. Inclusion on this list is not an endorsement by GARD.

Organizations Supporting this Disease

    Learn more

    These resources provide more information about this condition or associated symptoms. The in-depth resources contain medical and scientific language that may be hard to understand. You may want to review these resources with a medical professional.

    Where to Start

    • Genetics Home Reference (GHR) contains information on Congenital dyserythropoietic anemia type 3. This website is maintained by the National Library of Medicine.

      In-Depth Information

      • The Monarch Initiative brings together data about this condition from humans and other species to help physicians and biomedical researchers. Monarch’s tools are designed to make it easier to compare the signs and symptoms (phenotypes) of different diseases and discover common features. This initiative is a collaboration between several academic institutions across the world and is funded by the National Institutes of Health. Visit the website to explore the biology of this condition.
      • Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (OMIM) is a catalog of human genes and genetic disorders. Each entry has a summary of related medical articles. It is meant for health care professionals and researchers. OMIM is maintained by Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine. 
      • Orphanet is a European reference portal for information on rare diseases and orphan drugs. Access to this database is free of charge.