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Disease Profile

Glanzmann thrombasthenia

Prevalence
Prevalence estimates on Rare Medical Network websites are calculated based on data available from numerous sources, including US and European government statistics, the NIH, Orphanet, and published epidemiologic studies. Rare disease population data is recognized to be highly variable, and based on a wide variety of source data and methodologies, so the prevalence data on this site should be assumed to be estimated and cannot be considered to be absolutely correct.

Unknown

US Estimated

Europe Estimated

Age of onset

Infancy

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ICD-10

D69.1

Inheritance

Autosomal dominant A pathogenic variant in only one gene copy in each cell is sufficient to cause an autosomal dominant disease.

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Autosomal recessive Pathogenic variants in both copies of each gene of the chromosome are needed to cause an autosomal recessive disease and observe the mutant phenotype.

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X-linked
dominant X-linked dominant inheritance, sometimes referred to as X-linked dominance, is a mode of genetic inheritance by which a dominant gene is carried on the X chromosome.

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X-linked
recessive Pathogenic variants in both copies of a gene on the X chromosome cause an X-linked recessive disorder.

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Mitochondrial or multigenic Mitochondrial genetic disorders can be caused by changes (mutations) in either the mitochondrial DNA or nuclear DNA that lead to dysfunction of the mitochondria and inadequate production of energy.

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Multigenic or multifactor Inheritance involving many factors, of which at least one is genetic but none is of overwhelming importance, as in the causation of a disease by multiple genetic and environmental factors.

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Not applicable

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Other names (AKA)

Thrombasthenia of Glanzmann and Naegeli; GT; Platelet fibrinogen receptor, deficiency of;

Categories

Blood Diseases; Congenital and Genetic Diseases

Summary

Glanzmann thrombasthenia (GT) is a rare inherited blood clotting disorder that is present at birth. It is characterized by the impaired function of specialized blood cells, called platelets, that are essential for proper blood clotting. Signs and symptoms vary greatly from person to person. Symptoms usually include abnormal bleeding, which can be severe. Other symptoms may include easy bruising, nose bleeds, bleeding from the gums, and/or heavy menstrual bleeding. Rarely, internal bleeding and blood in the urine (hematuria) can occur. Prolonged untreated or unsuccessfully treated bleeding may be life threatening. This condition is inherited in an autosomal recessive fashion and is caused by mutations in either the ITGA2B or ITGB3 genes.[1]

Symptoms

This table lists symptoms that people with this disease may have. For most diseases, symptoms will vary from person to person. People with the same disease may not have all the symptoms listed. This information comes from a database called the Human Phenotype Ontology (HPO) . The HPO collects information on symptoms that have been described in medical resources. The HPO is updated regularly. Use the HPO ID to access more in-depth information about a symptom.

Medical Terms Other Names
Learn More:
HPO ID
80%-99% of people have these symptoms
Prolonged bleeding time
0003010
Spontaneous, recurrent epistaxis
Recurring nosebleed
Spontaneous, recurrent nosebleed

[ more ]

0004406
30%-79% of people have these symptoms
Bruising susceptibility
Bruise easily
Easy bruisability
Easy bruising

[ more ]

0000978
Gingival bleeding
Bleeding gums
0000225
Prolonged bleeding after surgery
Excessive bleeding during surgery
Protracted bleeding after surgery

[ more ]

0004846
Prolonged bleeding following circumcision
0030137
5%-29% of people have these symptoms
Ecchymosis
0031364
Gastrointestinal hemorrhage
Gastrointestinal bleeding
0002239
Macroscopic hematuria
Bloody urine
0012587
Menometrorrhagia
0400008
Menorrhagia
Abnormally heavy bleeding during menstruation
0000132
Spontaneous hematomas
0007420
1%-4% of people have these symptoms
Impaired ristocetin-induced platelet aggregation
0011871
Percent of people who have these symptoms is not available through HPO
Autosomal recessive inheritance
0000007
Decreased platelet glycoprotein IIb-IIIa
0001975
Epistaxis
Bloody nose
Frequent nosebleeds
Nose bleed
Nose bleeding
Nosebleed

[ more ]

0000421
Impaired clot retraction
0031126
Impaired platelet aggregation
0003540
Intracranial hemorrhage
Bleeding within the skull
0002170
Purpura
Red or purple spots on the skin
0000979

Diagnosis

Making a diagnosis for a genetic or rare disease can often be challenging. Healthcare professionals typically look at a person’s medical history, symptoms, physical exam, and laboratory test results in order to make a diagnosis. The following resources provide information relating to diagnosis and testing for this condition. If you have questions about getting a diagnosis, you should contact a healthcare professional.

Testing Resources

  • The Genetic Testing Registry (GTR) provides information about the genetic tests for this condition. The intended audience for the GTR is health care providers and researchers. Patients and consumers with specific questions about a genetic test should contact a health care provider or a genetics professional.

Treatment

FDA-Approved Treatments

The medication(s) listed below have been approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) as orphan products for treatment of this condition. Learn more orphan products.

  • Coagulation Factor VIIa (Recombinant)(Brand name: NovoSeven RT) Manufactured by Novo Nordisk, Inc.
    FDA-approved indication: March 2005, NovoSeven RT was approved for the prevention of bleeding in surgical interventions or invasive procedures in hemophilia A or B patients with inhibitors to Factor VIII or Factor IX. Previously in March 1999, NovoSeven RT was approved for the treatment of bleeding episodes in hemophilia A or B patients with inhibitors to Factor VIII or Factor IX. July 2014, NovoSeven RT was approved for the treatment of bleeding episodes and peri-operative management in adults and children with Glanzmann's thrombasthenia with refractoriness to platelet transfusions, with or without antibodies to platelets.
    National Library of Medicine Drug Information Portal

Learn more

These resources provide more information about this condition or associated symptoms. The in-depth resources contain medical and scientific language that may be hard to understand. You may want to review these resources with a medical professional.

Where to Start

  • MedlinePlus was designed by the National Library of Medicine to help you research your health questions, and it provides more information about this topic.
  • Genetics Home Reference (GHR) contains information on Glanzmann thrombasthenia. This website is maintained by the National Library of Medicine.
  • The National Organization for Rare Disorders (NORD) has a report for patients and families about this condition. NORD is a patient advocacy organization for individuals with rare diseases and the organizations that serve them.

In-Depth Information

  • Medscape Reference provides information on this topic. You may need to register to view the medical textbook, but registration is free.
  • The Monarch Initiative brings together data about this condition from humans and other species to help physicians and biomedical researchers. Monarch’s tools are designed to make it easier to compare the signs and symptoms (phenotypes) of different diseases and discover common features. This initiative is a collaboration between several academic institutions across the world and is funded by the National Institutes of Health. Visit the website to explore the biology of this condition.
  • Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (OMIM) is a catalog of human genes and genetic disorders. Each entry has a summary of related medical articles. It is meant for health care professionals and researchers. OMIM is maintained by Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine. 
  • Orphanet is a European reference portal for information on rare diseases and orphan drugs. Access to this database is free of charge.
  • PubMed is a searchable database of medical literature and lists journal articles that discuss Glanzmann thrombasthenia. Click on the link to view a sample search on this topic.

References

  1. Glanzmann thrombasthenia. National Organization for Rare Disorders (NORD). 2009; https://www.rarediseases.org/rare-disease-information/rare-diseases/byID/156/viewAbstract. Accessed 9/13/2011.